Most of the internal combustion engines used nowadays on road vehicles, have a fixed volumetric capacity (displacement), defined by the geometry of the cylinder and the crank mechanism. It can be seen as a ratio between the volume of air drawn the cylinder (real) and the geometric volume of the cylinder (theoretical). By volumetric efficiency we measure the capacity of the engine to fill the available geometric volume of the engine with air. Also, the intake manifold, the valves and the throttle are acting as restrictions for the air flow into the cylinders. The more air we can get inside the combustion chamber, the more fuel we can burn, the higher the output engine torque and power. For a thermal engine, the combustion process depends on the air-fuel ratio inside the cylinder.
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